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Diagnosing a possible flea infestation is relatively simple…your dog will scratch. Additionally, you can usually actually see the little critters, or see white and black grains, about the size of sand grains, in your dog’s coat (these are the eggs and feces of fleas). Tick infestation can only be detected by finding one or more ticks on your dog’s skin, so it’s a good idea to check for these parasites when you groom your dog several times a week. To remove a tick, use tweezers to grasp it as close as possible to your dog’s skin, and then pull it out slowly. After removing the tick, clean the bite area with an antiseptic.
While your dog’s reaction to flea infestation is usually mild (scratching, itching), other sensitivities, such as an allergy to flea saliva, bacterial skin infections and, in very small dogs or puppies, anemia, so it’s always good to do whatever you can to help keep your dog flea-free. Ideally, treatment should begin before the flea season begins in your area (early spring).
Since the 1980s, pharmaceutical companies have developed many new chemical treatments for controlling or preventing fleas and other external parasites, and there are some great products available today in the form of flea & tick collars  , pills (like Sentinel which comes in a tasty, chewable tablet), oral liquids, spray-on formulas  , and flea & tick dog shampoo . Look for products that contain IGRs (insect growth regulators), IDIs (insect development inhibitors), neurotransmitter inhibitors, naturally occurring neurotoxins, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), or cell growth inhibitors.
IGRs and IDIs (for example, Program -- which is available only with a prescription) should be used only when your dog has no fleas, so now is the perfect time to invest in these products. If your dog becomes infested with fleas, that’s when you use the topical products, such as FRONTLINE Plus for Dogs , K9 Advantix , Advantage Once-A-Month Topical Flea Treatment  , and Frontline Top Spot. 
Remember, if a flea problem exists in your home, it is pointless to treat just your dog. Your dog’s total environment (including the carpet, your dog's bedding , the yard, and even your car), as well as any other pets you have, must be treated in order to remove fleas in all stages of the life cycle. Products like Zodiac Carpet & Upholstery Spray work well to stop hatching eggs from developing into adult fleas and kills pre-adult fleas (larvae) before they grow up to bite. And Virbac Knockout Fogger kills fleas and eggs in your home for up to 7 months.
Flea larvae is probably also living in your dog’s bedding, as well as any furniture where your dog likes to lounge. It does no good to just get rid of the flea itself, you’ve got to treat your dog's environment for fleas that may be in various stages of the life cycle, including your yard . Since a female flea lays up to 50 eggs a day, and these eggs are dislodged into your entire environment when your dog scratches, on any given day the fleas in your dog’s environment (your home!) could be in different stages of their life cycle.
Professional carpet treatment can be highly effective for preventing flea eggs and larvae from maturing, and many such treatments come with a one-year guarantee. Check with your carpet cleaners about such a treatment.
Fortunately, most flea and tick infestations are relatively easy to diagnose, cause little harm to our beloved dogs, and will respond to treatment. But it’s always up to us to make sure our dogs are protected.
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Fleas are the most common external parasites that affect our dogs and, although they prefer dog blood, fleas are quite happy to dine on our ankles as well. And although ticks are not as common, they are potentially more dangerous, to us and to our dogs, because they can transmit such diseases as Lyme and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Preventing fleas and ticks is important to our pet's health. Fleas and ticks thrive whenever and wherever the humidity is above 50 percent and the temperature is over 68 degrees Fahrenheit. 
